Supply Chain Management for Manufacturing Industry

The main objective is to know about the SCM of manufacturing industry to know we have analyses several topic are: †¢Supply chain is a network of all firms relationships that gat a product to market, including the original acquisition of raw materials; production of the item at a manufacturing facility; distribution to a retailer; sale of he finished item to the customer, and any installation, repair, or service activities that follow the sale. †¢ How to effectively manage the supply chain is a central issue for all levels of management, regardless of industry. †¢This workshop has been designed and tailored by Mr. Ejazur Rahman amassing his over a decade experience in working and managing the Supply chain function of a reputed global manufacturing and marketing organization. To know Successful supply chain management requires decisions.To know scm, competitive, sales and marketing strategies. Who should attend the programmed? Inventory management system of scm. How to a chieve excellence in scm. Supply Chain Management for Manufacturing Industry Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies.It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed). As a solution for successful supply chain management, sophisticated software systems with Web interfaces are competing with Web-based application service providers (ASP) who promise to provide part or all of the SCM service for companies who rent their service. Supply chain management flows can be divided into three main flows: †¢The product flow †¢The information flow The finances flow The product flow includes the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service needs.The information flow involves transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. The financial flow consists of credit terms, payment schedules, and consignment and title ownership arrangements. †¢1. Supply Chain Management – What and Why? †¢2. Objectives of a Supply Chain †¢3. Decision Phases in a Supply Chain †¢4. Process Views of a Supply Chain †¢5. Supply Chain Performance : Achieving Strategic Fit 6. Drivers of Supply Chain Performance †¢7. Designing the Supply Chain Network †¢8. Demand and Supply Planning in a Supply Chain †¢9. Planning and Managing Inventory †¢10. Designing and Planning Transportation Networks †¢11. Achieving Supply Chain Excellence in a manufacturing/service organization 1) Supply chain management what? Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of prod uct and service packages required by end customers (Harland, 1996).Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain). – Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies.It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed – Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed).As a solution for successful supply chain management, sophisticated software systems with Web interfacervice for companies who rent their service. Why supply chain management The definition, put forward by an American professional association, is that Supply Chain Management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management activities. It also includes the crucial components of coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers.In essence, Supply Chain Management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. More recently, the loosely coupled, self-organizing network of businesses that cooperates to provide product and s ervice offerings has been called the Extended Enterprise. [1] Supply Chain Management can also refer to Supply chain management software which are tools or modules used in executing supply chain transactions, managing supplier relationships and controlling associated business processes.Supply chain event management (abbreviated as SCEM) is a consideration of all possible occurring events and factors that can cause a disruption in a supply chain. With SCEM possible scenarios can be created and solutions can be planned. functions Supply chain management is a cross-function approach to manage the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and then the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end-consumer.As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they have reduced their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect is to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts.The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and improving inventory velocity. Several models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries. SCOR is a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Council. Another model is the SCM Model proposed by the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategic, tactical, and operational levels of activities. Strategic Strategic network optimisation, including the number, location, and size of warehousing, distribution centers, and facilities †¢Strategic partnership with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating communication channels for critical information and operational improvements such as cross docking, direct shipping, and third-party logistics †¢Product life cycle management, so that new and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain and capacity management †¢Information Technology infrastructure, to support supply chain operations †¢Where-to-make and what-to-make-or-buy decisions Aligning overall organizational strategy with supply strategy Tactical †¢Sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions. †¢Production decisions, including contracting, scheduling, and planning process definition. †¢Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and quality of inventory. †¢Transportation strategy, including frequency, routes, and contra cting. †¢[Benchmarking] of all operations against competitors and implementation of best practices throughout the enterprise.†¢Milestone payments †¢Focus on customer demand. Operational Daily production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. †¢Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). †¢Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. †¢Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. †¢Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. †¢Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities, warehousing and transportation to customers. †¢Order promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply c hain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, and other customers. 2)The Objective of a Supply Chain The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated. The value a supply chain generates is the difference between what the final product is worth to the customer and the effort the supply chain expends in filling the customer’s request.For most commercial supply chains, value will be strongly correlated with supply chain profitability, the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain. For example, a customer purchasing a computer from Dell pays $2,000, which represents the revenue the supply chain receives. Dell and other stages of the supply chain incur costs to convey information, produce components, store them, transport them, transfer funds, and so on.The difference between the $2,000 that the customer paid and the sum of all costs incurred by the supply c hain to produce and distribute the computer represents the supply chain profitability. Supply chain profitability is the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages. The higher the supply chain profitability, the more successful the supply chain. Supply chain success should be measured in terms of supply chain profitability and not in terms of the profits at an individual stage. Having defined the success of a supply chain in terms of supply chain rofitability, the next logical step is to look for sources of revenue and cost. For any supply chain, there is only one source of revenue: the customer. At Wal-Mart, a customer purchasing detergent is the only one providing positive cash flow for the supply chain. All other cash flows are simply fund exchanges that occur within the supply chain given that different stages have different owners. When Wal-Mart pays its supplier, it is taking a portion of the funds the customer provides and passing that money on to the supplier. All flows of information, product, or funds generate costs within the supply chain.Thus, the appropriate management of these flows is a key to supply chain success. Supply chain management involves the management of flows between and among stage sin a supply chain to maximize total supply chain profitability. 3) Decision Phases In a Supply Chain Successful supply chain management requires many decisions relating to the flow of information, product, and funds. These decisions fall into three categories or phases, depending on the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which a decision phase has an impact. 1.Supply chain strategy or design: During this phase, a company decides how to structure the supply chain over the next several years. It decides what the chain’s configuration will be, how resources will be allocated, and what processes each stage will perform. Strategic decisions made by companies include the location and capacities of production and warehouse f acilities, the products to be manufactured or stored at various locations, the modes of transportation to be made available along different shipping legs, and the type of information system to be utilized.A firm must ensure that the supply chain configuration supports its strategic objectives during this phase. Dell’s decisions regarding the location and capacity of its manufacturing facilities, warehouses, and supply courses are all supply chain design or strategic decisions. Supply chain design decisions are typically made for the long term (a matter of years) and are very expensive to alter on short notice. Consequently, when companies make these decisions, they must take into account uncertainty in anticipated market conditions over the next few years. 2. Supply chain planning: For decisions made during his phase, the time frame considered is a quarter to a year. Therefore, the supply chain’s configuration determined in the strategic phase is fixed. The configurati on establishes constraints within which planning must be done. Companies start the planning phase with a forecast for the coming year (or a comparable time frame) of demand in different markets. Planning includes decisions regarding which markets will be supplied from which locations, the subcontracting of manufacturing, the inventory policies to be followed, and the timing and size of marketing promotions.Dell’s decisions regarding markets a given production facility will supply and target production quantities at different locations are classified as planning decisions. Planning establishes parameters within which a supply chain will function over a specified period of time. In the planning phase, companies must include uncertainty in demand, exchange rates, and competition over this time horizon in their decisions. Given a shorter time horizon and better forecasts than the design phase, companies in the planning phase try to incorporate any flexibility built into the suppl y chain in the design phase and exploit it to optimize performance.As a result of the planning phase, companies define a set of operating policies that govern short-term operations. 3. Supply chain operation: The time horizon here is weekly or daily, and during this phase companies make decisions regarding individual customer orders. At the operational level, supply chain configuration is considered fixed and planning policies are already defined. The goal of supply chain operations is to handle incoming customer orders in the best possible manner.During this phase, firms allocate inventory or production to individual orders, set a date that an order is to be filled, generate pick lists at a warehouse, allocate an order to a particular shipping mode and shipment, set delivery schedules of trucks, and place replenishment orders. Because operational decisions are being made in the short term (minutes, hours, or days), there is less uncertainty about demand information. Given the const raints established by the configuration and planning policies, the goal during the operation phase is to exploit the reduction of uncertainty and optimize performance.The design, planning, and operation of a supply chain have a strong impact on overall profitability and success. Continuing with our example, consider Dell Computer. In the early 1990s, Dell management began to focus on improving the improved performance. Both profitability and the stock price have soared and Dell stock has had outstanding returns over this period. 4)Supply Chain Process Platform The winners in fiercely competitive markets create agile and efficient business processes, supported by flexible, reliable and cost-effective technology.When your market position depends on your supply chain, you need processes and solutions that work together seamlessly to provide the information and automate the activities you need to operate most effectively. All of Manhattan Associates' solutions operate on a common Servic e Oriented Architecture (SOA) platform, to maximize the value of your technology investment. With Manhattan Associates' Supply Chain Process Platform, you can easily integrate any or all of our applications into your existing systems or add new solutions from our suite of products.That means dramatic reductions in complexity and faster implementation whenever you need new functionality. With shared master and transaction databases, data capture management (such as voice and RFID) and a real-time alert system that operates across all Manhattan Associates' solutions, the Supply Chain Process Platform provides a safeguard that flags any inconsistency in your data, ensuring a safe implementation and continued smooth operation. Our Supply Chain Process Platform offers flexibility, scalability and supportability to meet the requirements of the most complex supply chains for the most demanding companies.The Manhattan Supply Chain Process Platform: †¢Makes customizing your solutions to meet your business requirements easier than ever †¢Simplifies adding new functionalities or incorporating technical innovations †¢Provides a shared platform for collecting, managing, distributing and acting on information and events that flow through the supply chain †¢Ensures that solutions are robust, scalable, resilient and consistent across all components. Uniting the Platform Applications for Maximum ValueThe Supply Chain Process Platform provides a foundation for all Manhattan platform applications: †¢Supply Chain Intelligence: With easy-to-read reports presenting powerful analytics, you can monitor the performance of your suppliers, carriers, customers and employees from one intuitive dashboard. †¢Supply Chain Visibility: See a single, consistent, real-time view of your entire global supply chain. †¢Supply Chain Event Management: Receive notification of all supply chain events as they occur and respond immediately across your full supply chain. 5) Supply Chain Performance : Achieving Strategic Fit Competitive strategy: defines the set of customer needs a firm seeks to satisfy through its products and services ? Product development strategy: specifies the portfolio of new products that the company will try to develop ? Marketing and sales strategy: specifies how the market will be segmented and product positioned, priced, and promoted ? Supply chain strategy: – determines the nature of material procurement, transportation of materials, manufacture of product or creation of service, distribution of product –Consistency and support between supply chain strategy, competitive strategy, and other functional strategies is importantAchieving Strategic Fit(1/2) ? How is strategic fit achieved? ? Other issues affecting strategic fit How is Strategic Fit Achieved? ? Step 1: Understanding the customer and supply chain uncertainty ? Step 2: Understanding the supply chain ? Step 3: Achieving strategic fit Step 1: Understan ding the Customer and Supply Chain Uncertainty (1/3) ? Identify the needs of the customer segment being served ? Quantity of product needed in each lot ? Response time customers will tolerate ? Variety of products needed ? Service level required ? Price of the product ? Desired rate of innovation in the product Overall attribute of customer demand ? Demand uncertainty: uncertainty of customer demand for a product ? Implied demand uncertainty: resulting uncertainty for the supply chain given the portion of the demand the supply chain must handle and attributes the customer desires ? Implied demand uncertainty also related to customer needs and product attributes ? First step to strategic fit is to understand customers by mapping their demand on the implied uncertainty spectrum Step 2: Understanding the Supply Chain (1/2) ? How does the firm best meet demand? ? Dimension describing the supply chain is supply chain responsiveness Supply chain responsiveness — ability to – respond to wide ranges of quantities demanded –meet short lead times –handle a large variety of products –build highly innovative products –meet a very high service level ? There is a cost to achieving responsiveness ? Supply chain efficiency: cost of making and delivering the product to the customer ? Increasing responsiveness results in higher costs that lower efficiency ? Figure 2. 3: cost-responsiveness efficient frontier ? Figure 2. 4: supply chain responsiveness spectrum ? Second step to achieving strategic fit is to map the supply chain on the responsiveness spectrumStep 3: Achieving Strategic Fit ? Step is to ensure that what the supply chain does well is consistent with target customer’s needs Other Issues Affecting Strategic Fit ?Multiple products and customer segments ? Product life cycle ? Competitive changes over time 6)Drivers of Supply Chain Performance Supply chains are becoming increasingly global and ever more complex, as organiza tions try to support strategic management practices such as entering new markets, increasing the pace of new product introductions, improving the reliability and speed of order fulfillment . . . all the while trying to lower supply chain costs.For organizations to work closely with their suppliers, logistics providers, distributors and retailers, their supply chains must be streamlined and technology-enabled. However, organizations that want to streamline their supply chains must first understand what is working well, what is not and where the opportunities for improvement are. These companies need to have a way to measure the performance of their supply chain on an ongoing basis. Traditional approaches of measuring supply chain performance — scorecards, dashboards and reports showing supply chain metrics — suffer from three shortcomings: 1) They are not linked to strategy. ) They have a silo approach. 3) They have a flat hierarchy. Let's examine each of these shortcom ings more closely. They are not linked to strategy. It can be difficult to see how a supply chain metric affects your overall objectives. If the metric is trending in the wrong direction, which aspect of your supply chain strategy will be affected? Without a framework that links each metric to a certain element of strategy, the context behind a metric can get lost. When such context is missing, it becomes a challenge for organizations (large ones in particular) to get everyone to see the common vision.Next-generation Supply Chain Performance Management (SCPM) systems will need to be able to show the link between any metric and the element of strategy it impacts. They have a silo approach. Current supply chain analytics solutions do a good job of showing the performance of metrics for individual departments, such as cost per unit purchased, percentage of on-time supplier shipment for the procurement department, or set-up times, capacity utilization and percentage of scrap for the pla nt.However, this type of silo approach sacrifices the overall process and end goals in the interest of improving the performance of an individual department. As a result, functional silos are reinforced within the organization. The key is to measure the performance of overall business process in such a way that poor performance of a departmental metric could be overlooked in the interest of increasing the overall business process performance. To achieve this, next-generation Supply Chain Performance Management systems will need to do more than show departmental metrics – they need to have a process orientation. They have a flat hierarchy.The metrics that help you measure the overall performance of your supply chain are not standalone — they are related to each other, sometimes in a hierarchical fashion. Such relationships help you drill down and better understand root cause more effectively. For example, if a hierarchical relationship were developed between outbound sh ipment cost metric and those metrics that affect shipment costs, your system will tell you that outbound shipment costs are trending up despite the carrier rates trending down due to lower fuel costs, because your express freight shipments in a certain division are up significantly month over month.However, most current supply chain analytics have no way to define such relationships. Next-generation Supply Chain Performance Management systems of tomorrow will need to be able to define and show relationships between metrics. What supply chain performance management systems must include All these issues need to be addressed by next-generation Supply Chain Performance Management systems. Such systems should include three capabilities: an analytics framework; a process orientation; and linkages. Analytics framework.The ideal SCPM system should allow a user to define a complete framework for supply chain analytics. This framework should include: †¢overall supply chain objectives; â € ¢the top-line metrics that affect the objective; †¢the description, targets and acceptable range for each metric; and †¢a list of reports where the metric can be found. 7. Designing the Supply Chain Network Overview In today’s volatile business environment, many companies are expanding, merging, contracting, or otherwise redesigning their supply chain networks.Here learner applications of optimization models to the analysis of these network design problems. Modeling concepts are reviewed as well as practical methods for data gathering and validation, model implementation, and scenario construction. New applications will be presented including network design models to plan for new products, to manage production and inventories of products with short shelf lives, to select vendor contracts, and to control CO2 emissions. Several case studies will be presented along with discussions of network design problems faced by course attendees.Who Should Attend This program is intended for: †¢Managers and analysts responsible for network design decision-making †¢Managers and analysts responsible for acquiring or developing, and applying data-driven modeling systems to support network design decision-making †¢Consultants who direct or participate in network design studies †¢Academics who teach supply chain subjects to students in management and engineering Participants will not need advanced analytical skills to fully absorb material presented in the program. )DEMAND AND SUPPLY PLANNING IN SCM SCM facechallenges to people at manufacturing companies who need to gauge customer demand and respond to changes in demand, even when they take place at a moment's notice. Manufacturers' responsiveness and agility in the areas of sales and operations planning (S;OP) and demand management—the two major parts of supply chain planning—are still hampered by cumbersome, static processes. Common problems include: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Lack of r eal-time, robust, and actionable data. †¢Lack of integration among financial, operating, sales, and marketing plans. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Inability of people to share information and documents. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Poor analytical capabilities and collaborative planning environments. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Lack of alert and monitoring capabilities. Solutions Supply Chain Demand and Supply Planning solutions from Microsoft and its partner ecosystem help manufacturers change the way they manage their supply chains to become more demand-driven, adaptive, and responsive.By improving people's visibility into customer demand and supplier capabilities, these solutions create an environment that enables real-time decisions about manufacturing activity, which can lower inventory while improving customer service. Demand management solutions offer real-time demand management business processes, delivered with an integrated business intelligence and collaboration framework, to empower people with collaboration a nd analytic capabilities.Sales and operations planning (S&OP) solutions, which include connected systems, process workflows, event management, and live communication, offer collaboration, analysis, integration, workflow, and monitoring functionality throughout all phases of a manufacturer's S;OP workflow—beginning with the baseline forecast created by people in the manufacturer's sales and marketing departments, all the way through the forecast for a specific customer, the creation of a consensus forecast, supply planning, resolution and exception processes, approval and budgeting, sales allocations, order promising, and communication with the manufacturer's production facilities. Infor Supply Chain Management is a global solution with implementations at over 1,600 customer sites in 40 countries. Backed by domain experts who know supply chain management and the challenges you face, our supply chain planning and execution solutions comprise the following key components: Strate gic Network Design —modeling and optimization tools for determining the most effective number, location, size, and capacity of facilities to meet customer service goals; time-phased tactical planning for determining where and when to make, buy, store, and move product through the network.Demand Planning —forecasting tools, web-based collaboration interface, and sales and operations reporting and metrics that help companies predict and shape customer demand with greater accuracy. Distribution Planning —inventory analysis and time-variable stock target calculations for ensuring the optimal balance between service levels and inventory investment; synchronized replenishment plans for all network points right back to manufacturing and supplier sources for better visibility. Manufacturing Planning —constraint-based advanced planning system for engineering, assembly, and repetitive manufacturing environments; similar tools for process manufacturers. Production S cheduling —finite capacity scheduling for engineering, assembly, and repetitive environments, as well as batch-process production facilities.Transportation and Logistics Planning —transportation planning, transportation procurement, route planning, transportation management, small parcel shipping, and international trade logistics for global, multi-modal operations. Warehouse Management System —end-to-end fulfillment and distribution including inventory, labor, and work and task management, as well as cross-docking, value-added services, yard management, multiple inventory ownership and billing/invoicing, and voice-directed distribution. RFID —comprehensive RFID-enablement framework delivering business value through process optimization for manufacturers and other companies, as well as compliance solutions for retail, pharmaceuticals, the US Department of Defense, and others.Event Management —proactive, real-time exception management technology for detecting conditional change anywhere in the supply chain and communicating it instantly for resolution. 9)Planning and managing inventory By Curt Barry Inventory is most likely the largest balance sheet asset in your company. How well you plan, purchase, and manage your inventory largely determines your level of customer service and profits. But selling goods in multiple channels means dealing with channel-specific planning and inventory needs. Planning and inventory systems In most companies, the systems for merchandise planning and inventory control remain highly fragmented by channel.For promotional planning, many multichannel companies need to be more diligent and use a single promotional calendar rather than channel-specific schedules on which merchandise planning is based. These should include in-store promotions, catalogs, and e-mail campaigns. Internet inventory management philosophies are slowly evolving in most companies. Traditional catalogers now average more than 50% of sales from the Internet, although much of that business is generated by receipt of the catalog. Products may be active and available longer if there is stock. What sells online is heavily influenced by placement on landing pages and organization and ranking within category product searches.The online product assortment can be more extensive than that in a single catalog. Internet may have a total chain assortment different from any one store or region. The Website may have a clearance or liquidation aspect. These principles of planning and managing inventory are not industry established best practices, but are being hammered out in the trenches every day. From a purchasing perspective, companies are rolling multiple channel plans and forecasts together into a single purchase order management system to write Pos. When will there be true integrated systems for planning and inventory systems? For most companies, not any time soon. Retail and direct channels have different data needs and processes.It will probably be a few years before commercial software companies that cater to retail and direct have the most basic of systems in place. MICROS Retail, Direct Tech, and Manhattan Associates all have development projects to bring channels together in terms of planning and inventory systems. Channel Inventory – a distribution view With all the complexities of planning and inventory control, how are distribution centers accommodating the channels? When multichannel marketing was in its infancy more than a decade ago, the prevalent thinking was to have a single DC that would process both direct and retail replenishment orders. There would be one pooled inventory, one staff and one facility — end of discussion. But logistics thinking is changing.But to accomplish this, they have the additional overhead of multiple facilities and staffing, and their warehouse management and order management must be capable of managing multiple inventories and allocating a nd filling orders. As e-commerce in retail companies has grown substantially, logistics management has come to realize that picking, packing, and shipping of small orders is very different from full-carton replenishment to stores. With large volumes it may prove to be more efficient to have dedicated centers for direct. Another of the real drivers behind this shift is the realization that without having separate sales and stock plans, there is no accountability by business units to make their sales plans.So if the first unit to allocate inventory gets the stock, then there may not be inventory for later drops of a catalog, e-mail campaigns, initial stocks to open stores, etc. Other companies use a â€Å"virtual inventory† concept, not in the sense of drop-shipping, but of the inventory system being able to keep planned sales by product and SKU by channel, and being able to reserve inventory for the channel business unit. Importing’s effect Where we source product is al so changing how we can plan and manage it. Much of the multichannel world relies on imported product. Even if you buy from a domestic distributor, chances are that merchandise is imported.Additionally, companies may not be looking at a fully loaded product cost including agent's/broker's fees, demurrage, duty rate, product development costs, and buyer's travel. Couple that with warehouse storage space requirements for container size receipts and the inventory carrying costs. All of this leads to higher inventory and carrying costs and slower turnover. What to do about it? †¢Use mixed container loading, where appropriate. †¢Weigh the increase in per unit cost to take smaller quantities. †¢Move the entire merchandise and creative planning calendar for promotions back and do each season earlier (no easy task). †¢Challenge merchants to look Stateside to try to get the product with smaller quantities, or to develop product in the U. S. and later roll it out off-shore if it sells. †¢Tackle the issue of ccounting for all the product costs to be sure you have an accurate, fully loaded cost and sufficient initial markup without being overstocked. Liquidating overstocks Inventory that doesn't sell and liquidation are two dreaded aspects to merchandising. Because you have to take in larger imported orders and distribute to more channels, you need a cost effective strategy for in-season liquidation and clearance. In a cost-based system it's hard to determine how much gross margin is lost in marking down retail prices. Our experience is that it may represent 2% to 4% of net sales at least. What to do about it? †¢Develop a liquidation strategy. Options include clearance catalogs, Web specials, bind-in or package inserts, sales pages, and telephone offers. Develop a report showing candidates for liquidation based on rate of sale. †¢Develop an age of inventory report that will age products in time brackets (30 days, etc. ) to stay on top of inventory. transportation, importing, retail versus direct packaging, technology used in the supply chain and DCs, etc. All this necessitates setting standards with vendors so that you aren't working on an exception basis with every one. Vendor compliance and supply chain In most multichannel businesses the size of the product assortment and vendor base have grown dramatically. Supply chains have become increasingly complex with modes of vendor compliance is at the heart of efficient supply chain management.Routing inbound shipments to reduce costs and scheduling inbound appointments can help speed product flow through the DC, significantly helping in turn to reduce inventory levels. Automating the supply chain through advanced shipping notifications (ASNs), RFID, and cross-docking to stores can go a long way toward reducing costs, but these cannot be implemented without a comprehensive vendor compliance policy. Start small by communicating your company vision, the need for on-time delivery, routing guides, inbound dock standards like carton labeling, product specifications, accounting and paperwork requirements, contact list, and the costs of back orders. Begin a charge-back policy and implement it with your largest vendors.Later, you can add other items that are typically included, such as service level standards, packaging, labeling, case labeling, valued and value-added services, logistical requirements, scheduling appointments, cross-docking and direct-to-store requirements, charge back for non-compliance, etc. The trend is to push compliance back up the supply chain. This means as many value-added services as possible — packaging, marking, quality inspections — performed by vendors or merchant reps in factories. Catching errors at the source and using source-based services speeds inventory flow, and any such issues are cheaper to deal with in the vendor's environment. 10)ACHIEVING SCM EXCELLENCE A new survey reveals what separates manufactu ring industry leaders from laggards IT HAS BEEN several years since a comprehensive and independent survey of the state of supply chain management (SCM) in the paper manufacturing industry has been carried out.A lot has happened both in the industry and in the field of SCM during this time. Moderator Consulting carried out an extensive survey during July-October 2005 to see where we stand today. Altogether 11 European paper companies participated in the survey, which covered issues such as SCM strategy, process and management models, reporting systems, managing customer relationships, efficient operations, people and supporting systems and future plans. The respondents covered all the main product groups in nine European countries. The results of individual companies were obviously kept strictly confidential. Common terminology and definitions were used in the survey to ensure common understanding of the questions and issues.The results provide a good cross-section of the industry p erformance and challenges. Besides being a major cost and working capital factor, SCM can also be considered a source of significant competitive edge. Some of the findings are listed below. 1. Nearly half the respondents still need to develop more robust SCM strategies. While all companies said they have an SCM strategy, the content, communication and integration into overall business strategy in many cases leaves much to be desired. For instance, some companies had no logistics provider strategy or did not include development of cost factors. 2. The industry has clearly been moving toward a more integrated management structure.Most SCM-related decisions, such as strategy, demand planning and vendor and location management are nowadays made at corporate / business area levels, with sales companies and mills mostly in an execution role (Figure 1). However, even though management structures are more integrated, several companies have yet to adopt more of a process approach, with the p rocesses and their ownerships defined. Systems for monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) seem nowadays to be at a reasonably good level in nearly all the respondent companies. 3. The outsourcing process appears to be complete. The dominant logistics management mode is nowadays clearly â€Å"preferred partnerships† – on average 60%, and covering the whole infrastructure.Interestingly although â€Å"preferred partnerships† was stated as the dominant transport mode, respondents still had between 50 and 100 regular haulage â€Å"partners† in use on average. This may indicate room for some further consolidation. IT systems management is the exception to the outsourcing rule: very few companies have outsourced this aspect of their operations. 4. Many companies still need to segment their customers and define corresponding service levels for each customer or customer group. This may mean that these companies are offering the same service, such as dedicate d stocks or a 24 hr/ single pallet delivery – with corresponding costs – to all or most of their customers.This can hardly be optimal from a cost-to-serve viewpoint, unless price supplements are enforced. However, customers rarely accept such surcharges nowadays. 5. Surprisingly few customers participate in the demand planning processes (only five to 10 on average). Participation in this context means active involvement and, considering the industry's forecasting challenges this may offer an improvement in some industry segments. Transaction automation with customers and logistics providers also offers big potential: only 10-20% and 50% respectively said they currently transact electronically. More standardization is needed. 6. Most companies seem quite satisfied with their IT systems.On a scale of one (very dissatisfied) to five (very satisfied), a clear majority of the companies gave a mark of four for most of their systems, such as mill execution, sales and distribu tion and data warehousing. The substantial investments in IT systems over recent years appear to have paid off in a number of cases. 7. Most companies were satisfied with both the number and caliber of their SCM personnel. Main training requirements were focused on customer relations issues. 8. Future development needs to be carefully planned. As generic future goals, most respondents stated that their main focuses are on cost and inventory reductions, as well as on improving customer service. Improved internal integration and process management was also listed as a priority generic target.However, these may be conflicting targets, unless planned carefully. More specifically, the respondents were asked to prioritize a list of 14 specific SCM initiatives provided, based on their planned implementation in the next three years initiatives included issues such as RFID, vendor managed inventory (VMI), activity based costing, harmonization of IT infrastructure, e-commmerce with logistics providers and offering outsourcing capabilities to customers. The clear â€Å"winners† were VMI, e-commerce projects and collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) following close behind. These are huge undertakings with significant risks, resource and planning requirements.However, the companies that successfully implement them would take their supply chain to an entirely new level of sophistication, responsiveness, efficiency and transparency. Finally,The industry has been moving toward a more integrated and customer-centric management approach. Industry and customer consolidation are the most likely reasons for this. IT systems and performance monitoring finally appear to be in good shape in most companies. This is a good basis for future development, even though many companies revealed some worrying weaknesses in a number of critical areas and are clearly lagging behind the leaders. The leading companies – based on this survey – can best be characterized as having a clear, comprehensive and well-communicated SCM strategy.They also have an integrated management structure and KPI monitoring in place; processes are defined in detail; service/cost tradeoffs are optimized; logistics partners are managed efficiently; they have implemented wellfunctioning IT systems; and have competent and well trained people, all of which are reflected also in their costs and performance. Is this just good, basic management? Easy to say, much more difficult to accomplish in real life! Furthermore, the leaders have ambitious plans for the future – especially in areas involving their customers. These companies are clearly outperforming their peers and they are well positioned to increase their competitive edge by efficiently and intelligently serving their customers.

The Crucible Hysteria and Injustice - 1650 Words

The Crucible: Hysteria and Injustice Thesis Statement: The purpose is to educate and display to the reader the hysteria and injustice that can come from a group of people that thinks its doing the right thing for society in relation to The Crucible by Arthur Miller. I. Introduction: The play is based on the real life witch hunts that occurred in the late 1600s in Salem, Massachusetts. It shows the peoples fear of what they felt was the Devils work and shows how a small group of powerful people wrongly accused and killed many people out of this fear and ignorance. Also important to the play is how Arthur Miller depicts how one selfish, evil person like Abigail Williams can bring others down and make others follow her to†¦show more content†¦The court does not want to admit they were wrong though because they feel the people will rebel if they now come out and say sorry, we made a small mistake. So, since they wont let Mr. Proctor go, they want him to confess to save his life, here another mini climax occurs because he does not want to sign a big lie. Since Mr. Proctor felt guilty about what he did in his past with Abigail he decides that now he will save his name with his pride and refuses to sign the confession. So the resolution comes with John Proctors hanging, but it does not seem like any thing was resolved, just that the people who accused the innocent people feel very guilty with what they did. III. Characterization: I think the best character development is the one of John Proctor, a farmer that lived in the town. He represents a person who is not perfect but tries hard to be responsible for his family and himself. He is a strong person who is not afraid to go against society because of what he feels. Since he disagreed with the Rev. Parris sermons he didnt go to mass and at first did not get involved with the witch hunts. This shows that he was his own person. The problem is that this caused him to be the main one to fight the court because he was not friendly with the people who made up the court. His motivation in the play is the search for the truth. He values his wifes love and the concerns of his children so he wants to be a good man and toShow MoreRelatedHysteria In The Crucible Analysis827 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, Salem had witness one of the most appalling, unforgivable and unjust executions that would leave a forever lasting stain on the human history. The crucible, by Arthur Miller depicts how hysteria, political injustice and prejudice began the historical ‘witch hunt’ which resulted 19 innocents killed. Two centuries later hysteria, political injustice and prejudice have again affected the lives of three innocent teenagers, Damien Echols (18), Jessie Misskelly (17), and Jason Baldwin (16), who wereRead MoreSimilarities Between Apology Speech And The Crucible793 Words   |  4 PagesBoth texts explicate the power of political and social injustices to drive individuals to pursue their own motivations. Composers’ representations of the complex relationship between people and politics are influenced by various moral and social agendas, whereby a portrayal of reality and meaning is inherently subjective. Arthur Miller’s dramatic allegory â€Å"The Crucible† explores the political and social ramifications of the contentious ‘Cold War’ period in American history when the widespread fearRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1358 Words   |  6 PagesA. The movie, The Crucible, was produced in 1996 and portrayed the dramatized play written by Arthur Miller in 1953. The movie story deals with the Salem, Massachusetts hysteria in 1692 with an irrational fear of the devil. Witch hunts and false accusations resulted. Trials took place and resulted in the hanging and associated death of more than 20 people and the false imprisonment of many others. B. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraftRead MoreThe Themes Of Mccarthyism In The Crucible By Arthur Miller1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe truth which would ruin their lives or lie and accuse others to save oneself. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller emphasizes mass hysteria caused by people accusing innocent people to save oneself from death. Even though the Salem witch trials and the McCarthyism era took place in different time periods, they both show the reoccurring theme of chaos caused by lying and accusing others to save oneself. The Crucible, which illustrates the time during the Salem witch trials parallels McCarthyism becauseRead MoreEssay on The Witch Hearings in The Crucible by Arthur Miller1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Witch Hearings in The Crucible by Arthur Miller There are strong parallels between Arthur Millers The Crucible and the history it depicts and the reign of terror that the 1950s era of McCarthyism repeated. These two historical events are linked by several commonalities: a lack of intelligent discussion, public hysteria, threats, fear and finally, the presumption of guilt rather than innocence. Miller convincingly uses fiction and dialogue to recreate a very real moment in history, whichRead MoreThe Witch Hunt in The Crucible and During the Time of McCarthyism2059 Words   |  9 PagesThe Themes of The Crucible and Parallels to McCarthyism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, Arthur Millers The Crucible describes the witch hunt that saw harmless people hanged for crimes they did not commit. The Crucible provides an accurate historical account of the witch hunt, but its real achievement lies in the many important issues it deals with. Millers concerns with conscience, guilt and justice develop into significant and thought-provoking themes throughoutRead MoreFear of Witchcraft as Metaphor in The Crucible by Arthur Miller1161 Words   |  5 PagesFear of Witchcraft as Metaphor in The Crucible   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Crucible uses fear of witchcraft in the America of the 1600s as a metaphor for the fear of communism that was widespread in America in the 1950s. Arthur Miller wished to show that the attitudes and behaviour of the villagers of Salem were as irrational and ill-founded as the attitude and behaviour of the committee chaired by Senator McCarthy. Essentially Miller uses the 17th century setting to provide critical distance between theRead MoreThe Crucible : Fictional Account Of The Salem Witch Trials1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1996 film The Crucible is a fictional account of the Salem witch trials. While there are many historical inaccuracies in the movie, it does capture some of the themes in scholarship on the period. The film presents the town of Salem in a similar way to how it is depicted in the textbook. The film gets the basic outline of the Salem witch trials right. A group of girls started a panic by accusing an enslaved woman and two other women of bew itching them. During the event more than 200 people wereRead MoreEssay The Crucible by Arthur Miller1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Crucible by Arthur Miller Societies often tend to suppress individual freedom in order to maintain social order Examine the key characters and their beliefs in The Crucible in the light of this statement A crucible is a vessel in which metals are heated, melted down and purified. The play The Crucible, by Arthur Miller shows a community, which ignites and burns with the accusations of witchcraft, mass hysteria and retribution. Set in theRead MoreThe Miller s The Crucible - The Powers Of Fear920 Words   |  4 Pages The Powers of Fear in Salem Hysteria is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, especially among a group of people. Hysteria is fear of the highest degree. Fear is defined as a feeling of agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, is a story inspired by actual historical events that occurred in Salem, Massachusetts. People in Salem start accusing others of doing witchcraft and then the trend goes on in a continuous

Fighting Stereotypes Of Asian Americans - 2005 Words

Fighting Stereotypes of Asian Americans in the Media According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention website in 2013 Asians made up for 4.8 percent of Americas population with 14.7 million individuals. That population is expected to increase to 40.6 million, or 9.2 percent of American population by the year 2050 and consist of over 30 different ethnicities. Teresa Mok of Purdue University stated in 1998 that â€Å"Despite their increasing numbers and heterogeneity, little reflection of the diversity within Asian America is seen in mass media images† (p. 186). In addition to a lack of ethnic diversity often times Asian Americans are left out of film and television altogether. Media Action Network for Asian Americans (2015) recently criticized Sony pictures for their â€Å"white-washed† movie Aloha. Even though the film is set in Hawaii the majority of the cast is white with very little representation of Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders. MANAA (2015) Found ing President Guy Aoki said, â€Å"60% of Hawaii’s population is AAPIs, Caucasians only make up thirty percent of the population, but from watching this film, you’d think they made up ninety percent† (n.p.). While unsuccessful in representing the ethnic diversity of Asian Americans, or not representing them at all, the dominant group controlled media has been successful in portraying them in very stereotypical manners. Since first immigrating into the United States, Asian communities have lived under stereotypes. TheseShow MoreRelatedEssay on How Asian Americans are Portrayed in Hollywood Movies1269 Words   |  6 PagesAsian American actors and actresses are portrayed in Hollywood movies as always being the silent and yielding foreign victims to social injustice and prejudice. Whether or not these depictions are true, they are nonetheless stereotypes that Hollywood producers have come up with. According to the US Census in the year 2000, Asian Americans make up 4.2% of the entire American population, and knowing that most Asian Americans live on the west and east coast of the United States, many Americans livingRead MoreDo Asians Rights Be Ignored? America? Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pages11/2/2016 Do Asians’ rights be ignored in America? When I search â€Å"Asian rights in America† on Google, there are almost 68400000 search results. But if I search â€Å"Black people rights in America†, there are about 90800000 search results online. It is obviously that there are some differences between these two values and what reason causes this different? Why people focus more attention on black people’s rights not on Asians’ rights? You may say that it’s maybe because the number of Asians is smallerRead MoreThe Dreamland Battle : Miss Saigon, Representation And Opportunity1498 Words   |  6 Pagescasting opportunities for Asian-American actors in New York, where Asian productions are rarely produced. The last Asian Broadway production, Allegiance, ended its run February 2016, starring Lea Salonga, the first Asian actor to win a Tony Award for her groundbreaking performance as Kim in Miss Saigon in 1991 — twenty-six years ago. Not until 2015 had Ruthie Ann Miles won a Tony for The Ki ng and I and joined the Tony club as the second Asian actor. For years, roles for Asian actors are extremely limitedRead MoreMovie Analysis : Rush Hour 2 1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie chosen for this research is â€Å"Rush Hour 2†, which compactly contains set of various stereotypes of Asians, African-Americans, and Latinos in American film as well as provides examples of portraying sexuality in movies. It’s a comedy action film; it’s also a classical buddy story with unorthodox for that time buddies: African-American and Asian characters. The movie was directed by Brett Ratner, produced and distributed by New Line Cinema, story written by Ross LaManna and Jeff NathansonRead MoreCultural Profile : Black And Asian Cultures921 Words   |  4 PagesMy cultural profile is Black or African-American to pull in the ancestral heritage. Black culture has given more than afros, cool dance moves, and music to the world. Unfortunately, the media and mainstream cont inue to highlight this with generalizations and stereotypes. Black culture has values, traditions, and unique communication styles that have developed the platform for other cultures, such as, Mexicans and Asian cultures to strive from despite our differences. Understanding my cultural profileRead MoreThe Stereotypes Of `` Stuff Asian People Like `` And The Anglo Saxon Legend Of Beowulf 1434 Words   |  6 PagesAsians are typically loud especially when we are on the phone because we do not take insights of our surroundings. This is one of the biggest stereotypes about Asians out there. According to a 2008 online article called â€Å"Stuff Asian People Like† written by Peter; states that Asians tend to be loud due to adversity. We were compared to the Anglo-Saxon legend of Beowulf. â€Å"Asians are actually peaceful looking â€Å"creatures† who are soon to be evolved into creatures of such legends like Beowulf†. AccordingRead MoreHollywoods Asians Essay1016 Wor ds   |  5 PagesHollywood’s Asians Asian Americans have been part of America for almost as long as its existence. From the Chinese laborers building the transcontinental railway, inner cities laundry services, to Asian farmers who have helped build the agriculture communities around the country, Asian American have contributed to the industries and economy of America. Despite their loyalty and contributions to this country, Asian Americans have been discriminated and considered as â€Å"unassimilable† by many Americans. RacismRead MoreCultural Profile With Mexican And Asian Cultures940 Words   |  4 Pages My cultural profile is black, or African-American to pull in the ancestral heritage. Black culture has given more than afros’, cool dance moves, and music to the world. Unfortunately, the media and mainstream continue to highlight this with generalizations and stereotypes. Black culture has values, traditions, and unique communication styles that have developed the platform for other cultures, such as Mexican and Asian culture, despite our differences. Understanding my cultural profile has allowedRead MoreThe Effect of Black Power on the Emergence of Yellow Power1257 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Sixties In America (AMST 1200) Professor Osman November 18, 2013 The Effect of Black Power on the Emergence of Yellow Power African-Americans were not alone in the shift to â€Å"ethnic power.† Other minority groups also shifted from the fight for integration and began to adopt the rhetoric of ethnic power and pride in the late 1960’s. By the late 1960’s, a host of other groups began to adopt the rhetoric of â€Å"power†: Red Power, Grey Power, Pink Power, Brown Power, etc. What were the similaritiesRead MoreDiscrimination On International Students Resulting From Ethnic Stereotypes969 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination on international Students resulting from ethnic stereotypes. The United States of America in the eyes of the world is a place full of dreams, full of hope and a place where civil liberties are being uphold. People of all different background, different social and financial status flock to America for various reason. Some people come to America to escape religious and political persecutions; some come to escape the horrors of war; some come to find a better life for their family; and

An Analysis Of Organ Donation Essay - 1509 Words

An Analysis of Organ Donation Flashback to when you were sixteen years old. Young, naive, and about to be ruling the streets with your very own Driver’s License. You passed your written and physical driving exams, but before you are able to get your â€Å"right of passage†, you must indicate whether or not you are willing to donate your organs in the case of your death. But how does one know which box to check? It is your responsibility to educate yourself in the matter because ignorance is not always bliss. Knowing the costs, benefits, and process can be very beneficial. Luckily, the following is some basic, and maybe not so basic, information on the topic. Organ Donation is a very broad and complicated topic. To consider organ, and tissue, donation as a whole, it is important to examine the history, forms, and big picture of the donation. First of all, it is important to understand the history of organ donation. It is not only important to know the history, but to examine the differences between donation in the past and what it is like today. Although many forms of study are always improving, Medicine is one that is constantly and drastically changing. Throughout the past century, all practices of healthcare have changed almost completely. Through technology and brilliant minds, medicine has boomed in opportunities. When a sick individual would be sent home to die almost twenty years ago, there are now endless treatments and possibilities today. Along with the boom ofShow MoreRelatedOrgan Donation : Persuasive Speech909 Words   |  4 PagesOrgan Donation Rhetorical Analysis Organ donation has been a major controversy for many years now. There are those people who favor it and the ones who do not. According to the United States Organ and Tissue Transplantation Association, organ donation is defined as tissue or organ removal from a deceased or living donor, for transplantation purposes. Tissues and organs are moved in a surgical procedure. Afterwards, they are transplanted to a recipient to ensure their recovery (Francis 2015). OrganRead MoreOrgan Procurement Process937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Association of Organ Procurement Organizations recommendation to the Office of the National Coordinator is a clear indicator of the impact that Electronic Health Records are having on current organ and tissue donation processes. Electronic Health Records are proven to be a very effective tool in better managing patient health information and improving patient outcomes. The federal push to standardize health care using technology is evident with the introduction if such provisions as the HITECHRead MoreThe Commercialization Of Organ Transplantation1660 Words   |  7 Pagesto save the world, [he] would spend fifty-five minutes defining the problem, and only five minutes finding the solution† (Einstein). In the case of the commercialization of organ transplantation, would the ramifications laid by Einstein change if a doctor had only one hour to save the life of a patient in dire need of an organ transplant? An individual that had spent the last three years on a waiting-list? Waiting, years, months, and days without end for a second chance at life. Similar to EinsteinRead MoreSally Satels Organ for Sale.1154 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of passion: Sally Satel’s â€Å"Organs for Sale† Sally Satel is an American  psychiatrist  based in Washington DC. She is a lecturer at the  Yale University  School of Medicine, the W.H. Brady Fellow at the  American Enterprise Institute, and author. Books written by Satel include  P.C. M.D.: How Political Correctness is Corrupting Medicine and  Drug Treatment: The Case for Coercion  Her articles have been published in  The New Republic, the  Wall Street Journal, the  New York Times, and in scholarlyRead MoreOrgan Donation And The United States1469 Words   |  6 Pageson a waiting list for an organ donation (Organ and Tissue Donations, 2015). Out of these individuals, nearly 10 die each day waiting for an organ (All About Donation, 2015). The need for organ donation has increased dramatically with the many advances in medicine (FAQ, 2011). To be considered an organ donor in the United States one must sign a Uniform Donor Card, however, once an individual has deceased, the family must provide consent to participate in organ donation (Korschun, 2013). This createsRead MoreThe Sources And Outcomes Of The Gift Of Life Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sources and Outcomes of the Gift of Life. Organ donations stimulate positivity for the terminally ill despite all the challenges that derive prior. It can persevere the gift of life or duration period of time. The transplantation industry process may have a divine outcome before it withstands various undergoes. Organ donation sources may not be measured according to the demand or advantages, the transplantation organ shortage obstacles, independent characteristics or incentives, or social costRead MoreSpeech: Organ Donation Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech: Organ Donation INTRODUCTION /ATTENTION STEP A. 1. Imagine that a loved one has just been severely injured in a car accident. 2. The injuries include brain trauma, broken bones, but most notably, a loss of two pints of blood, that your friend is in desperate need of. 3. Coincidentally your blood type matches. 4. Picture yourselfRead MoreEthics and Organ Donation1598 Words   |  7 PagesEthics Analysis Paper Ethical Issues Related to Organ Donations In 1983 Dr H Barry Jacobs, a physician from Virginia, whose medical license had been revoked after a conviction for Medicare mail-fraud, founded International Kidney Exchange, Ltd. He sent a brochure to 7,500 American hospitals offering to broker contracts between patients with end-stage-renal-disease and persons willing to sell one kidney. His enterprise never got off the ground, but Dr Jacobs did spark an ethicalRead MoreImportance Of Organ Donation1094 Words   |  5 Pagesof them die because of the lack of donor organs? Still don’t care? What if among all the persons there is someone whom you know? I suppose now you care. I will introduce you the myths about organ donation, real facts and solutions. Let me introduce you first the definition of organ donation and some details of the history of donation. Organ donation is the process of providing an organ, organs, or partial organ to transplant into one or more people. Organ donors can be deceased or living. AccordingRead MoreThe Law Of Organ Donation Is Just, I Affirm1284 Words   |  6 PagesSince an opt out system of organ donation is just, I affirm. Because the resolution evaluates the justness of presuming consent, my value for this round is Justice, defined as giving each individual what they deserve. Since everyone is due natural rights, my value criterion for this debate shall be to maximize natural rights. William Wainwright of American Philosophy Quarterly writes in 1967 that natural rights include the right to life, and the right to liberty, because each person has equal moral

Bachelor of Nursing for Communities and Corresponding Groups

Question: Discuss about theBachelor of Nursing for Communities and Corresponding Groups. Answer: In broader terms nursing is referred to as a profession of noble virtues concerning the healthcare sector whereby professionally trained and qualified personnel pledges to take care of persons of diverse age groups, ethnicity, socio-economic backgrounds in conjunction with their families, communities and corresponding groups for the sake of facilitating good health and wellbeing. Ensuring promotion of good health alongside abatement of disease and illness is the primary objective of the nursing professionals who resort to relentless initiatives for rendering the most appropriate care for the ill, disabled or dying persons as the situation might have arose in liaison with the established codes of practices (Kearney-Nunnery, 2015). The nurses always try and bring forth the optimal outcomes for the patient and ensure holistic development of them through the avenue of advocacy and nursing education (Yi Keogh, 2016). The various concepts and pertinent foundational theory and documents wi ll be thoroughly discussed in course of the assignment. In matters related to the healthcare industry nursing has been reckoned as a crucial component, in which the designated healthcare professionals strive to achieve excellence in terms of providing the desirable helathcare4 facilities to the distressed patients so that health may be fostered and diseases or illness may be largely kept at bay. The nursing interventions are applicable to wide setting of patients who belong to diverse age and ethnic backgrounds. The definition proposed by International Council for Nurses, nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of persons belonging to diverse age and community within the healthcare set up. The principal concerns of the nursing professionals is streamlined to the facilitation of good health alongside prevention of illness apart from applying care services meant for the ill, disabled an dying people in an effort to harbor positive outcomes. Besides these necessities, the nurses are entitled to offer optimal care services throu gh promotion of a safe health environment conducive for health improvement of the sick individual. Advocacy for healthcare improvement through conducting extensive research and taking active part for chalking out of health policy through careful management of patient and health systems through empowerment by means of education is also carried forward by the nurses (Icn.ch, 2017). The basic requirements for becoming a nurse are only fulfilled when the aspirant enrolls for the nursing education course and successfully completes it. Further, top be eligible for practice in the respective nation, the course needs to be approved and affiliated under suitable regulatory authority. The foundation to basic nursing course and behavioral sciences is offered within the scope of the formally identified curriculum that has to be judiciously completed by the nursing enthusiast. Continuous learning is a defining feature of the nursing profession whereby persistent and relentless initiatives are us urped by the concerned nurses to achieve the optimal outcomes of providing quality care to the patients (Ironside, McNelis Ebright, 2014). Hence, I feel these healthcare professionals unlike any other healthcare personnel, due to their closer association with the patients act as the frontline workforce who serve the healthcare industry and are likely to acquire considerable experiences through varied situations and circumstances. Their contribution to the creation of a healthy environment, fitter lifestyle and healthier communities is indispensable that in turn indicate towards the promotion of sustainable future through approaches that are conducive. The acquisition of the desirable skills and working in conformity with the established guidelines according to me is of focal interest in nursing as it is directly associated with the outcomes of the patient. Explanation of the various phenomena concerning the healthcare domain is usually provided by virtue o several nursing theories that have been postulated by renowned theorist who endeavored to elucidate them in considerable details. The usability of these theories in real life settings have been referred to through empirical findings those talks in favor of their application to generate practices and positive outcomes that are in line with the patient conditions. The postulates of the nursing theories have stood the test of time and therefore are widely used in the context of diverse clinical settings to provide optimal care for the patients. Conventionally, the nursing metaparadigm is shrouded with four integral constituents that encompass person, health, environment and nursing. The common factor out of these components is found out to be that of patient and therefore more emphasis is laid on this. Many theories have come into force till now accompanied by relevant descriptions, def initions and explanations and stated by renowned theorist which paved the way for explaining the nursing practice under a rational and constructive framework (Fitzpatrick McCarthy, 2014). I make it a point not to refute any of the principles and values that circumscribe the vocation of nursing so that maximum comfort and valid outcomes for the patient may be elicited. Distinguished theorists have put forward certain pertinent theories that are capable of explaining the situations as applicable to the patient situation in a satisfactory way (Alligood, 2014). Out of the theories that are in vogue, I specifically rely more on the Orlandos Deliberative Nursing Process Theory as I find it to be befitting to any patient situation and therefore has the potential to drive positive responses. The theory shows significant support for the interaction among the nurse and the patient. Besides these emphasis is laid on proper applicability of the nursing processes through perception validation t hereby accounting for holistic improvement of the patient condition. The theory aims to discuss the interrelated concepts which include patients presenting behavior, professional nursing function, immediate reaction, deliberative nursing process and subsequently emancipation of the present condition. Both in professional as well as administrative discourse this theory is of paramount importance because of its clearly narrated proceedings, conciseness and applicability to diverse range of clinical setting. The mutual associations between the nurses and patients present opportunities for in depth analysis and probe into matter of patient through the prudent application of critical reflection (May, 2013). Therefore, I hold a very high esteem of this theory as in contemporary nursing, critical reflection is recognized as an essential characteristic to pursue clinical assessment of the patient in an appropriate manner. Conformance to the existing legislations and guidelines is a vital aspect of nursing as it ensures the provision of optimal healthcare facilities to the patients allaying the risk of harms that do not account for threat to their lives. Ethical decision making is yet another major focus area for nursing similar to any healthcare set up for safeguarding the interests of the patient by aligning to the specified set of duties and circumstances that are recognized as sufficient for harboring positive outcomes for the patient. The participation and opinions as exerted by the patients, their families and friends is vital to the decision making process as they are considered as integral and interrelated components of the healthcare system. Various situations might pose challenges to the nursing professionals in maintaining the autonomy of the patients without any risk of hazard and nurses must be proficient enough to carry out their assigned duties diligently under such situations. Safekeepi ng of the recorded data and maintaining their confidentiality is another vital feature that needs to be kept in mind so that no breach of conduct occurs from the nurses ends in abiding by the legal and ethical guidelines as presented by the concerned authority (Grace, 2017). Relevant to this context, I would like to acknowledge the code of ethics put forward by the New Zealand Nurse Organisation that might aid in exploring the details of the nursing practice within the given framework. The code include the composition of certain virtues and principles which encompass beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, confidentiality, justice, fidelity, veracity, guardianship of the near environment alongside its resources as well as being professional. As far as these principles is concerned, I feel Being Professional is the most significant out of them all as it is intimately associated with achieving desired level of professional competency. The demonstration of suitable actions, commitment and accountability by the nurses is vital to tackle the situation of the distressed patients in a satisfactory manner (Nzno.org.nz, 2017). The Nursing Council of New Zealand has taken measures to present certain well defined domains and competencies that the Registered Nurses and other nursing personnel are expected to follow to maintain the professional competency. In the scope of practice for the Registered Nurse, four domains of competencies have been recommended. Accomplishment of nursing competencies within the set domains is of significance as it ensures the safe practice for rendering healthcare service. The respective domains of 1, 2, 3 and 4 contribute to responsibility in the professional contexts, nursing care management, building of interpersonal relationships alongside improvement off quality and inter-professional healthcare. The needs of the clients are heeded to through assessment and management of service recipient care that relate to domain 2 competencies. Nursing knowledge and evidence-based care are vital to the accomplishment of the competencies related to Domain 2. Classification of Domain 2 into n ine other competencies include planned care for rendering optimal outcomes, conduct of prudent and comprehensive nursing evaluation for patients in diverse settings, safeguarding the interests of the patients by maintaining the confidentiality of data and providing most accurate, transparent and specific information about the potential effects of the interventions applied alongside through outcomes and offering of proposed treatment alternatives. It is also held crucial to maintain appropriate action in times of crisis at personal and professional level. Other competencies entrenched in this domain caters to the assessment of the patients progress alongside maintenance of desired level of service proficiency (Nursingcouncil.org.nz, 2017). Abidance and acting in line with these competencies is thus vital to the maintenance of quality, safe and effective modality of treatment intervention. Few historical incidents that took place in New Zealand have shaped the state of the nursing profession in the country. Treaty of Waitangi is one such happening that may be considered important and relevant in this context. An agreement was made between the representatives of the British Crown and M?ori inhabitants that agreed upon approving both the parties to live together in the domicile of New Zealand governed by a common set of laws. Principles that constitute the treaty has been deeply scrutinized and put under the radar of rigorous investigation to get an insight about its utilization in the context of modern times where considerable development for a sustainable future may be effectively achieved. According to the decision and agreement made in this treaty, strengthening of the vital aspects concerning partnership, participation and protection was ensured that in turn accounted for the coalition between the Government and M?ori inhabitants (Ludbrook, 2014). The principle of p rotection as per my opinion is of greater significance as it entitles the M?ori people to enjoy equal benefits in terms of healthcare facilities at par with other indigenous population of New Zealand thereby allaying the possibility of inequality in healthcare by equal opportunities for healthcare facilities through conduct of Governmental initiatives and programs. Moreover, the cultural practices and beliefs specific to the M?ori community are also safeguarded by means of this principle thereby ensuring facilitation and adoption of culturally safe healthcare facilities (Ministry of Health NZ, 2017). Thus, this principle has got significance in nursing profession as well for the purpose of rendering quality health opportunities to the people belonging to the specific community. Consideration of the various aspects of nursing, I am now able to articulate my opinion and perspective regarding the vocation. As per my opinion, I see nursing as a profession brewing with lots of challenges and opportunities that go hand in hand and offer the dynamism to the domain of practice unlike any other profession may sought. Critical reflection forms the governing component of nursing whereby the nurses apply prudent and pragmatic knowledge so that the patients may undergo speedy recovery without incurring any harm to their health. Evaluation of the patient situation and undertaking suitable interventions in line with the ethical and legal dictums as laid out by concerned authorities is usually achieved by these professionals. Further I believe that working in conformity with the codes of practice, established protocols and exhibition of competence towards the job is of paramount importance in nursing. References Alligood, M. R. (2014).Nursing theorists and their work. Elsevier Health Sciences. Fitzpatrick, J. J., McCarthy, G. (Eds.). (2014).Theories Guiding Nursing Research and Practice: Making Nursing Knowledge Development Explicit. Springer Publishing Company. Grace, P. J. (2017).Nursing ethics and professional responsibility in advanced practice. Jones Bartlett Learning. Icn.ch. (2017).Definition of Nursing.Icn.ch. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.icn.ch/who-we-are/icn-definition-of-nursing/ Ironside, P. M., McNelis, A. M., Ebright, P. (2014). Clinical education in nursing: Rethinking learning in practice settings.Nursing Outlook,62(3), 185-191. Kearney-Nunnery, R. (2015).Advancing Your Career Concepts in Professional Nursing. FA Davis. Ludbrook, J. (2014). The Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi: Their Nature, Their Limits and Their Future.Browser Download This Paper. May, B. A. (2013). Orlandos Nursing Process Theory in Nursing Practice.Nursing Theory-E-Book: Utilization Application, 285. Ministry of Health NZ. (2017).Treaty of Waitangi principles.Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/he-korowai-oranga/strengthening-he-korowai-oranga/treaty-waitangi-principles Nursingcouncil.org.nz. (2017).Registered nurse / Scopes of practice / Nurses / Home - Nursing Council of New Zealand.Nursingcouncil.org.nz. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.nursingcouncil.org.nz/Nurses/Scopes-of-practice/Registered-nurse Nzno.org.nz. (2017).Code of Ethics.Nzno.org.nz. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.nzno.org.nz/Portals/0/publications/Guideline%20-%20Code%20of%20Ethics%20(2010%202013).pdf Yi, M., Keogh, B. (2016). What motivates men to choose nursing as a profession? A systematic review of qualitative studies.Contemporary nurse,52(1), 95-105.

Professional Development and Contemporary Issues

Introduction The purpose of conducting this study will be to examine the impact of globalization with particular focus on the international hotel industry. Globalization is defined as the process of integrating the economies, financial markets, cultures and societies of various countries through the use of global communication and trade networks that exist around the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Development and Contemporary Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization is also defined as the integration of local, regional or national economies into the international economy used by the rest of the world to conduct activities such as foreign investment, trade and money transfers (Sharma and Morrissey 2007). The driving forces of globalization around the world include technological factors where the introduction of new technological innovations within the international market drives g lobalization, economic factors where the economic growth of various countries around the world affects the rate of globalization and also political, socio-cultural factors where government and societal systems determine how the process of globalization will occur within various industries. In recent times however, the term has also come to include various factors such as language or communication barriers and the circulation of national ideas, (Bhagwati 2004). In general, globalization affects the world in various ways one of which is the industrialization of countries where the introduction of global markets that are able to foster worldwide production have been able to ensure that consumers are able to access various products and services within the international market. The emergence of international trade across borders has also been a strong indicator of globalization as well as the emergence of global financial markets. Financial markets have contributed significantly to consu mers being able to access borrowing facilities across international borders without necessarily having to revert to the home market. Another aspect that signifies the impact of globalization is the economic market where a common market that allows traders and sellers to buy or sell goods has enhances the interconnectedness of trade thereby increasing growth of international trade around the world (Pan and Donato 2007). The job market is also a strong indicator of globalization in the world as increased levels of competition within the labour market signify the strength of both national and international economies. Increased levels of competition ensure that workers are able to gain competitive salaries and wages which are now less dependent on the success or failure of national economies in the world. Other aspects that are used to provide an indication of globalization around the world include the political context where government policies are developed to foster globalization act ivities as well as competition amongst countries when it comes to the production of goods and services. Ecological factors are also important indicators of globalization especially when they are used to explain the global environmental challenges that are taking place around the world as a result of global warming (Croucher 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impact of Globalization In the past few years, the international hotel and hospitality industry has been impacted by globalization and the various effects of globalization that exist in the various faucets of international industries around the world. Some of these effects have been notable from the fields of technology where the revolution of information technology and the introduction of various innovations have contributed in a significant way to globalization while the growth of economic integration has played a major role in the integration of suppliers within the international trade networks. The intensified competition especially within the hospitality industry has also contributed to the effects of globalization where the emergence of newer and innovative hotels creates a complex business landscape that is mostly influenced by the goings on of the global market. According to Brotherton (2003), many hotel managers are faced with the challenge of maintaining a competitive advantage against their rivals within the same industry to ensure for their profitability and survival. The impact of globalization in the international hotel industry has been both positive and negative where hospitality managers have been forced to invest in knowledge economies to balance their exploration and exploitation activities. The positive side of globalization is that hotel managers are forced to engage alternative modes of coordinating their production and transaction activities for the benefit of their emplo yees and clients while at the same time ensuring that they make strategic decisions which will be beneficial for the survival of the company in the dynamic hospitality market (Gross 2008). The negative side of globalization is that managers and marketers working within the hospitality industry have to keep on changing their tactics to ensure their products and services remain relevant to the changing consumer markets. In the event re-branding or re-stratification efforts fail, the hotel might lose its identity and image amongst its clients and also loss its position in the industry as a provider of various hospitality services and products (Brotherton 2003). One of the impacts or effects of globalization on the hospitality includes the aspect of asset evolution where hotels and companies operating within the international hospitality industry are able to liquidate their assets so that they can be able to meet the expectations of their shareholders and investors.Advertising We w ill write a custom essay sample on Professional Development and Contemporary Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Asset evolution impacts on the hospitality industry where hotels and companies are forced to maintain a bottom line-growth thereby sustaining the level of competition that exists within the industry. As mentioned earlier, the technological environment has played a major role in globalization and it therefore affects the activities and functions of the hospitality industry where hotels are forced to turn their assets and properties into more flexible hotel operations. This is meant to improve efficiency and effectiveness in many international hotels especially in the field of customer service that deals with room bookings, hotel reservations and cash payments. The labour market which is one of the strongest indicators of globalization has also impacted on the international hotel industry where the supply and demand of sk illed and professional labourers determines the general growth of the industry (Pan and Donato 2007). The international hospitality industry requires professional hospitality managers who possess the necessary skills and knowledge that will be used to capitalize on opportunities within the industry for the hotel’s advantage. The labour market ensures that a company is able to gain professionals who will adapt business operations to the changing economic realties in the global context. Government regulations have played a major role in the globalization of local, regional and national economies around the world where the liberalization of world markets determines the amount of international trade that will be conducted in various countries. Government regulations impact on the international hospitality industry where hotels are allowed some freedom when it comes to selecting the forces that will reduce business transaction costs as well as production costs that have continued to increase with fluctuating global economies (Kumar 2008). Key Influences driving Globalization in the Hotel Industry One of the major driving forces of globalization in the hospitality industry is cost effective methods of doing business where competitors are driven to operate across borders in search of cost effective and efficient methods of conducting hotel operations. Hotels that operate within the international industry have began to realize that the larger they grow in size, the fewer costs they will incur when it comes to producing goods and services for their customers. Many managers have also began to realize that operating within the international hospitality market increases their profit margins which means that the company is able to attract more investors and shareholders willing to invest in the company. Diversifying operations into the international markets allows many business managers to tap into tourist markets that have not been explored by the local and nationa l hotel industries (Brotherton 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another key influencing factor that drives globalization within the hospitality industry is global competition which has continued to increase over the past decade as more and more tourism and entertainment consumers become internationally oriented rather than national, local or regional consumers of hotel products/services. A continent that has exploited fully the globalization process taking place across the world is Europe where many of the countries that fall under the European Union have created tourism industries that are focused on the needs of both the international and local consumer. Hotels in countries such as France, Spain, Germany, Italy and Holland offer products that would meet the needs of both the local consumer and also the international tourist, language barriers side. The growth of the European Union has also played a significant role in the growth of the international hospitality industry in Europe where various hotels based in primal locations are able to compe te on a level playing field for international customers. While this increase in competition has been good for the industry overall, it has created a situation of critical mass where many hotels and tourism firms operate in Europe. Competition has forced many of the international hotels and firms operating within the continent to look for other areas to invest their businesses in so as to counter the effects of critical mass (Gu et al 2007). Global brands also drive globalization within the international hospitality industry where hotels are forced to design products and services that will meet the cultural, societal, ethnic, political and technological needs of the international customer (Gu et al 2007). Global brands differ from local brands in that they meet consumer expectations in a more diversified context while local brands meet the needs of local consumer. Globalised brands ensure that hotels operating within the international hospitality industry are able to market their ser vices to customers who are already agents of the globalization process since they are constantly moving from one country to another. International hotels that develop multicultural brands are able to appeal to a large number of customers who are heavily influenced by their ethnic beliefs and practices. Incorporating hints of multiculturalism also enables international tourists to experience some of the cultural offerings in existence within the host country (Kumar 2008). Barriers of Operating Across Borders A major barrier when it comes to establishing hotels in international countries is the organizational structure that the hotel’s management or hospitality company will incorporate in the host country. Hotels usually face an uphill task when it comes to deciding which organizational structures can be used across borders. Hotel managers are also faced with the challenge of determining whether these structures will ensure that the business is able to operate at maximum effici ency so as to meet customer service requirements set by the industry players. Every globalised country in the world lives by certain standards and values systems so when developing organizational structures, managers have to take into account the cultural, political and social systems that exist in the host country to ensure that their business operations do not interfere with them. Dubai which is one of the world’s most famed city for having many international hotels has been able to maintain its cultural practices where foreign countries interested in establishing hotels within the country have been forced to adapt organizational structures that take into account the predominant culture of the society in Dubai which is Islam. Employers who engage both international and local employees have to take into account their cultural differences when developing pyramid structures for management (Pan and Donato 2007). Access to global capital presents a major barrier to hotels operat ing across their own borders where hotels and industry firms interested in investment options within other countries experience difficulties because of the limited investment capital allocated to hotels and the hospitality industry in general. This can be attributed to the fact that the industry has not been fully accepted in many financial markets around the world and therefore hotel managers have to strive to demonstrate to investors and shareholders that they can be able to yield substantial gains on investment. Such a prerequisite presents a major challenge especially for hotels that wish to diversify their operations to the international market. These hotels have to demonstrate their ability to achieve positive returns on investor and shareholder contributions on an international scale rather than on a local or regional scale. Hotels that have been able to operate within the three major financial markets in the world; New York (NYSE), the London Stock Exchange market and the To kyo financial market have been considered to be globalised businesses within the international hospitality industry (Deresky 2008). As a result of multiculturalism, the work ethic in the host country where the hotel intends to operate in might be different from that of the parent country where for example employees who work for a cultural country such as Saudi Arabia might have to go to the mosque for prayers during midday. Because of the high level of customers most international hotels deal with, the manager might have to develop work duties that will ensure that the Muslim or Islamic employees are not inconvenienced in any way when attending to their prayers. Work ethics also becomes a significant factor when determining the optimum effectiveness and performance of employees within the hotel. As international hotels might deal with high multitudes of tourists especially during the peak seasons, managers have to determine the ethics and values of employees in the host country they are operating in so that they can be able to utilise these values for optimum results (Herrman and Lipsey 2003). Recommendations The most suitable solution that can be used by hotel managers who have decided to operate across borders will be to strike a balance between the cultural, social and political systems of both the parent and host company and also take into account the various global considerations of working in an international market. Decentralised organizational structures will ensure that the company is able to take into account all the work aspects of the host country without compromising on the overall goals and objectives of the hotel. The access to global capital can only be remedied by business plans that have taken into consideration the international customer’s changing needs and expectations. Managers who want to establish their businesses across the border have to develop sound business plans that will draw the necessary amount of investors into the plan . With regards to the barrier of work ethics, managers need to develop policies that will govern the operations of the international hotel in foreign countries to ensure the work values and ethics of employees have not been compromised. The study and discussion has been able to ascertain therefore that globalization has a significant impact on the operations of the international hotel industry. References Bhagwati, J., (2004). In defense of globalization. New York: Oxford University Press Brotherton, B., (2003) The international hospitality industry: structure, characteristics  and issues. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Croucher, S.L., (2004) Globalization and belonging: the politics of identity in a changing  world. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Deresky, H., (2008) International management: managing across borders and cultures.  New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Gross, M., (2008) Tourism management. New York: Free Press Gu, J., Humphrey, J., and Messner, D., (2007) Global go vernance and developing countries: the implications of the rise of China. World Development, Vol.13, No.2, pp 274-292 Herrman, H., and Lipsey, R.E., (2003) Foreign direct investment in the real and financial  sector of industrial countries. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg Kumar, P., (2008) Globalization: challenges for the developing world in the new  millennium. New Jersey: McGraw Hill Publishers Pan, Y., and Donato, R., (2007) The asymmetries of globalization. Oxford, UK: Routledge Publishers Sharma, K., and Morrissey, O., (2007) Trade, inequality and growth in the era of  globalization. Oxford, UK: Routledge Publishers This essay on Professional Development and Contemporary Issues was written and submitted by user Neveah K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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